深圳信息职业技术学院学报

扩招背景下推动专业调整和结构优化是高等职业教育可持续发展的内在要求。对中美高等职业教育改革发展政策背景回顾和两国专业类型对应关系匹配后,进行专业结构规模的比较分析表明,两国高等职业教育的专业结构与经济社会发展的关系非常密切,而且在专业结构规模的调整上表现出较为共通的趋势和各自的特点。基于对我国劳动力市场供求形势的研判,结合我国高职新一轮扩招及质量提升的要求,参照以社区学院教育体系为载体的美国高职专业规模结构变化,推动我国高职教育体系专业结构的优化调整,应以第三产业相关专业为重点,巩固和加强制造业类专业,谨慎扩张农林牧渔、财经商贸等类专业,适度扩张土建、交通运输等类专业,并积极促进专业多样化和加强专业内涵建设。

It is the inherent requirement of the sustainable development of higher vocational education to promote major adjustment and structure optimization under the background of expanding enrollment. This paper reviews the background of the reform and development policy of higher vocational education in China and the United States and matches the corresponding relationship between the two countries' major setting. With a comparative analysis of the major structure and scale, it shows that the major configuration of higher vocational education in these two countries is closely related to economic and social development, and that the adjustment of the major structure scale presents both a common trend and respective characteristics. Combined with requirements of the new round of expanding enrollment and quality improvement of higher vocational education, referring to the changes in the scale and structure of higher vocational majors in the United States with the community college education system as the carrier, the study is carried out to promote the optimization and adjustment of the major configuration of China's higher vocational education system based on the study of the supply and demand situation of Chinese labor market. It proposes to focus on the tertiary industry related majors, to consolidate and strengthen manufacturing majors, to prudently expand specialties such as agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, finance and commerce, to appropriately expand civil engineering, transportation and other majors, and to actively promote major diversification and strengthen specialty connotation construction.